Three different types of neuromodulation demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in a rat model, paving the way for further research.
With the incidence of OIC around 17% among patients taking opioids and limited treatments, the researchers from Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore, examined whether neuromodulation could help stimulate the emptying of the colon. Specifically, direct vagal nerve stimulation (dVNS), auricular VNS (aVNS), and