The Case for Routine Use of Intraoperative Cholangiography During Cholecystectomy

The debate over routine versus selective intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy dates back almost to the origins of the procedure itself. One should first consider that today most surgeons practice selective cholangiography, which means that many use it infrequently. There are several reasons why IOC should be used at least liberally in clinical practice: 1) it is an important and unique skill component of cholecystectomy and surgeons need to be facile with the